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Jews, Judaism and Jewishness

Gilad Atzmon explains why it is essential for the pro-Palestinian movement “freely to explore the true nature of the ideology that drives the Jewish state and Jewish politics”, and to acknowledge that the Jewish ideological, political and cultural discourse is “foreign to universalism and to the ideas of true equality”.

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  Since Israel defines itself as the “Jewish state”, we are entitled to consider what the word “Jewish” stands for.

I differentiate between three distinct (yet occasionally confusing) categories:

1. Jews – the people
?2. Judaism – the religion?
3. Jewishness – the ideology.

During my study of Zionism, Jewish politics, identity politics and culture, I have managed to avoid embroiling myself in the complexity involved with the first category – I do not deal with Jews as a race or ethnic group. I also generally avoid dealing with Judaism (the religion). In fact, I am the first to admit that the only Jewish collective to support the Palestinians comprises groups that exist within the Torah Jews. That such groups support Palestinian self-determination and autonomy is proof enough that aspects of religious Judaism can be interpreted as emphasizing ethical precepts.

“… much Jewish political activity is a formulation and an expression of a tribally exclusive club that demands a ‘Jews only’ entry card.”

However, I am very critical of what I view as “Jewish ideology”, and I am also critical of what I consider to be “Jewish identity politics”.

“Jewish ideology” is basically an amalgam of racially-orientated exclusivist arguments. It is fuelled by assumptions about ethnocentric supremacy, and ideas such as “chosenness”. Being a tribal setting then, Jewish ideology defies equality. It also opposes universalism. The followers of that ideology tend to believe that they are somewhat different and even better (chosen) than non Jews. And much Jewish political activity is a formulation and an expression of a tribally exclusive club that demands a “Jews only” entry card.

It is important to note that Jewish ideology and Zionism are not entirely the same – in fact, Zionism should be seen as just one manifestation of Jewish ideology. Though Israel is the fruit of the Zionist project, it is vital to realize that Zionism does not drive Israeli politics or ideology. In fact, Zionism is largely a Diaspora Jewish discourse.

While early Zionism presented itself as a promise to “resolve the galut” (Diaspora) by “transforming” the Diaspora Jew into an “authentic, civilized” human being, it is important to remember that the last few generations of Israelis have been born in Zion (Palestine) and are, therefore, not entirely shaped by Zionist ideologies. From a Zionist perspective, the modern Israeli is a “post-revolutionary” subject. And, indeed, I myself, among millions of other Israelis, joined the Israeli army because we were Jews – not because we were Zionists.

“When 94 per cent of Israeli Jews supported the Israeli army’s murderous tactics against Gazans during Operation Cast Lead, it wasn’t Zionism that motivated them. It was the total lack of empathy with other human beings. It was blindness towards others. It was supremacy and chauvinism … it was the ugliest homicidal manifestation of their chosennchosennessess.”

Israelis do, however, follow what I define as Jewish ideology – they practise and perform a number of different measures that are there to maintain Jewish exclusivity on the land. When 94 per cent of Israeli Jews supported the Israeli army’s murderous tactics against Gazans during Operation Cast Lead, it wasn’t Zionism that motivated them. It was the total lack of empathy with other human beings. It was blindness towards others. It was supremacy and chauvinism. In other words, it was the ugliest homicidal manifestation of their chosenness.

Almost every aspect of Israeli politics, whether it is the “unilateral disengagement” [from Gaza] or the loyalty oath, can be grasped as an attempt to project and protect Jewish exclusivity on the land (instead of trying to resolve the galut).

You will notice that I neither refer to Jews as a racial or ethnic group nor direct my critique towards Judaism, the religion. And whilst Jews can indeed succumb to what I define as “Jewish ideology” (and many of them do), it is valuable to bear in mind that they can also be its most virulent enemies. Obvious examples are Jesus,  Spinoza and Marx, and one can also include Israelis such as  Israel Shahak,  Gideon Levy and others.

It is also pertinent to mention that some early Zionists such as  Nordau and  Borochov were also strong opponents of Jewish ideology and culture. For them, Zionism was a necessary attempt to amend Jews. They believed that once dwelling on “their promised land”, what had hitherto been perceived as “Jewish tendencies” (such as “non-productive inclinations”) would disappear.

It should be obvious that I am in total support of the universal and ethical ideas that underlie the concepts of “one democratic state” and “state of its citizens”. I would be also be the first to endorse and explore any form of reconciliation between the indigenous people of the land (the Palestinians) and the newcomers (the Israelis).

Yet, I believe that in order for any intelligent discussion to take place, we must be able freely to explore the true nature of the ideology that drives the Jewish state and Jewish politics around the world.

We must find a way to admit to ourselves that the Jewish ideological, political and cultural discourse is a tribal discourse: it is foreign to universalism and to the ideas of true equality. Also, we need to realize that the Israeli notion of “shalom” (peace) is interpreted by Israelis as “security for Jews”, not peace for all and reconciliation.

Unless we are brave enough to confront these issues and discuss them freely, the pro- Palestinian movement is trapped in a futile discourse verging on self-indulgence.

Source: Redress Information & Analysis (http://www.redress.cc). Material published on Redress may be republished with full attribution to Redress Information & Analysis (http://www.redress.cc)